Letter of undertaking
An undertaking used for eligible zero-rated supplies without payment of integrated tax, subject to the applicable conditions.
Definition & exampleThe Kosha.Services business wiki
Business language. Made clear.
From your first invoice to your next investment. Understand the terms used in Indian business, compliance and the industries you work in.
112 terms12 topicsDefinitions · Examples · Related reading
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Industry results include shared business essentials as well as selected sector terms.
Term directory
112 terms. Showing 73–96.
LLP
An incorporated business structure with partners and a separate legal identity under the LLP framework.
Definition & exampleIndustry licences and products
Medical device
An instrument, implant, software or other product intended for a medical purpose, such as diagnosis or treatment, may be a medical device. Its intended use and the applicable legal definition determine its status.
Definition & exampleMemorandum of association
A company's constitutional document setting out matters such as its name, objects and capital framework.
Definition & exampleIndustry licences and products
MSME
An enterprise falling within the applicable micro, small or medium classification framework.
Definition & exampleContracts and intellectual property
NDA
A contract restricting how specified confidential information may be used and disclosed.
Definition & examplePAN
The income-tax identification number assigned to a taxpayer.
Definition & exampleContracts and intellectual property
Patent
A statutory right granted for an invention that meets the applicable patentability requirements.
Definition & examplePersonal data
Information relating to an individual who is identifiable by or in relation to that information.
Definition & examplePersonal data breach
A compromise affecting the confidentiality, integrity or availability of personal data within the applicable legal definition.
Definition & examplePOSH
The commonly used abbreviation for workplace prevention and redress of sexual harassment of women under the relevant Indian law.
Definition & examplePrincipal employer
The entity or person treated as the principal employer under the applicable employment law for a particular establishment or arrangement.
Definition & exampleAccounting and business finance
Profit and loss statement
A statement of income and expenses for a reporting period, showing the resulting profit or loss.
Definition & exampleContracts and intellectual property
Purchase order
A buyer-issued document specifying an order's goods or services, commercial terms and reference details.
Definition & exampleIndustry licences and products
Quality Control Order
A government order bringing specified products within compulsory standards or conformity requirements.
Definition & exampleAccounting and business finance
Reconciliation
Explaining and resolving differences between two records, rather than merely adjusting them to agree.
Definition & exampleRegistered office
The official address used for an entity's statutory communications and records as required by its governing law.
Definition & exampleRemediation
Corrective work addressing identified gaps, with evidence of what changed.
Definition & exampleIndustry licences and products
RERA
The real-estate regulatory framework commonly referred to through state and union-territory authorities and project registrations.
Definition & exampleResolution
A recorded decision of the relevant governing body or members.
Definition & exampleReverse charge
A GST mechanism under which the recipient pays the tax for specified supplies instead of the supplier paying it in the usual way.
Definition & exampleSaaS
Software provided as an ongoing service, commonly accessed over a network and paid for by subscription or usage.
Definition & exampleSAC
A code used to classify a service for GST reporting and related tax analysis.
Definition & exampleShare capital
Capital associated with the shares of a company; authorised, issued, subscribed and paid-up amounts describe different stages or limits.
Definition & exampleFollow a subject
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Company and governance
Understand the entity behind a business, its ownership and how decisions are recorded.
11 terms
Accounting and business finance
Read your books, understand cash movements and distinguish profit from money available to spend.
12 terms
GST and invoicing
Decode GST registrations, invoices, credits and returns before using the detailed compliance guides.
12 terms
Income tax
Understand tax identities, deductions, payments and information statements without confusing them with accounting profit.
9 terms
Employment and payroll
Understand employment records, salary language and social security terminology used when managing people.
8 terms
Contracts and intellectual property
Understand the words that allocate commercial responsibilities and protect business names, work and inventions.
8 terms
Banking and investment
Make sense of funding conversations, bank checks and investor documents before committing to their terms.
10 terms
Imports, exports and logistics
Connect trade documents, shipment terms and foreign exchange concepts to the movement of goods and money.
8 terms
Industry licences and products
Identify the language used in food, healthcare, manufacturing, construction and other regulated sectors.
12 terms
Environment and sustainability
Understand permissions, waste responsibilities and operating evidence for businesses with a physical footprint.
6 terms
Data and technology
Decode privacy, security and software service terms used in digital businesses and everyday supplier contracts.
8 terms
Compliance essentials
Distinguish a rule, a submission, an approval and the evidence needed to show what happened.
8 terms
Start with meaning. Then check the context.
Each entry gives you a working definition, a business example and a distinction worth understanding. Follow the related terms to build your understanding, or open a guide when you need the underlying compliance context.
Industry filters combine common business vocabulary with selected sector terms. This growing library is a starting point, not an exhaustive list of obligations. Applicability depends on your entity, activity, location and the relevant period.
Quick definitions
Read a short definition here, or open the full entry for an example and related guidance.
Entity and governance
- Entity
The legal or business person that contracts, holds registrations and carries the relevant responsibility.
Read the Entity entry →- Incorporation
The legal formation of an incorporated entity; it does not automatically grant every permission to operate.
Read the Incorporation entry →- Resolution
A recorded decision of the relevant governing body or members.
Read the Resolution entry →- Capital table
A record of ownership and securities, supported by the underlying issue and transfer documents.
Read the Capital table entry →- Beneficial ownership
Ownership or control interests considered beyond the immediate name on a register; the applicable legal test matters.
Read the Beneficial ownership entry →
Accounts and tax
- Reconciliation
Explaining and resolving differences between two records, rather than merely adjusting them to agree.
Read the Reconciliation entry →- Accrual
Recognising an amount in the period to which it relates, subject to the applicable accounting framework.
Read the Accrual entry →- Working capital
The operating funding tied up in items such as receivables, inventory and payables.
Read the Working capital entry →- GSTIN
The identification number associated with a GST registration.
Read the GSTIN entry →- Input tax credit
Credit of eligible input tax, subject to the applicable legal conditions; matching a portal record is only part of the analysis.
Read the Input tax credit entry →- Withholding
Tax deducted by a payer under the applicable rules before or in connection with a payment.
Read the Withholding entry →
Engagements and procedures
- Applicability
Whether a particular rule applies to the actual entity, activity, period and jurisdiction.
Read the Applicability entry →- Effective date
The date a provision, decision or arrangement begins to operate; distinguish it from publication or filing dates.
Read the Effective date entry →- Acknowledgement
Evidence a system received a submission; it is not always an approval on the merits.
Read the Acknowledgement entry →- Due diligence
A scoped investigation of records and risks for a defined decision or transaction.
Read the Due diligence entry →- Remediation
Corrective work addressing identified gaps, with evidence of what changed.
Read the Remediation entry →